Organizational Behavior for Leadership as well as Personality

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior for Leadership as well as Personality. Answer: Colbert, A. E., Barrick, M. R., Bradley, B. H. (2014). Personality and leadership composition in top management teams: Implications for organizational effectiveness.Personnel Psychology,67(2), 351-387. The authors used direct measures to measure the leadership as well as personality attributes among the top management teams of organizations. The authors of the article belong to the University of Iowa, Texas University and University of Oklahoma. The article is intended for the organizations and the senior management of the firm. The implications of these two parameters has been assessed on the overall organizational effectiveness. Results have shown that there was interconnection between the conscientiousness and organization. There were also cross linkages between the conscientiousness of CEO and the various attributes of transformational leadership. This article focused on the fact that it is important to understand the various attributes of leadership that leads to effective organizations. The results show that that transformational leadership of the top management directly affected the commitment level of the followers. This article topic defined the bibliography topic in measuring the outcomes of the leadership process in organization. It also defines that fact that the organization is able to function when there is coalition of leaders rather than a single leader. The study was conducted on the vice presidents, CEO, senior executives across United States. The leadership role of the senior management would also help in better financial performance. Zwingmann, I., Wegge, J., Wolf, S., Rudolf, M., Schmidt, M., Richter, P. (2014). Is transformational leadership healthy for employees? A multilevel analysis in 16 nations.German Journal of Human Resource Management,28(1-2), 24-51. The article on health aspects of the transformational leadership showed critical aspects of the leadership. The study explored the effects of the transformational and laissez-faire leadership in approximately 16 countries with 11,117 teams, who belong to an international company. The study measured the perception of the employees (regarding their supervisors leadership behavior) and its impact on the employees individual health. One of the most critical features of effective leadership is better perceived health among the employees. Thus is because of the fact that the employees have better work satisfaction in the environment of good transformational leadership. The journal differed from the earlier article in the fact that the earlier one discussed the outcome of the effective leadership while this article focused on the one of the core characteristics of leadership. There was augmentation effect on the employees which was evident in all six countries. This study was relevant to the bibliography topic as it identified one of the core features of the leadership attributes- leadership enhances the health of the employees. This is due to the fact that having a clear vision of the leaders would also help the employees to receive right rewards and recognition. This would also help the employees to get good health. Laureani, A., Antony, J. (2017). Leadership characteristics for Lean Six Sigma.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,28(3-4), 405-426. The author Allesandro Laureani and Jiju Antony presented the article on leadership characteristics for lean six sigma on Total Quality Management and Business Excellence. This article established the relationship between lean six sigma and leadership in the various organizations. The article identified that the leadership is one of the critical success factor for successful implementation of the lean six sigma in the organization. This article used the research on the qualitative analysis by performing semi-structured questionnaires that focused on the participants views regarding the inter relationship between the success levels displayed in six sigma and the leadership attributes. This article is different from the previous article as it identified one of the deployment in the organization and how the characteristics of leadership affects the same. The article focused on ten features of leadership namely consistent, targeted, communicative, inspirational, flexible, leading by example, able to build, clearly define the roles to others. This is the way this article fulfilled the requirement of the bibliography topic. Crossan, M. M., Byrne, A., Seijts, G. H., Reno, M., Monzani, L., Gandz, J. (2017). Toward a framework of leader character in organizations.Journal of Management Studies. The article on the Toward a framework of leader character in organizations written by Crossan identifies the fact that there are several shades of the leader character. There are several phases such as multi method approach, three phase and the engaged scholarship epistemology. This article is related to the bibliography topic in such a way that the leadership is closely connected with the interpersonal focus and the traditional competency. However, the article failed to mention clearly about the different characteristics of the leaders in organization. It throwed light on the different virtues connected with leadership such as ethical leadership, ethical decision making, judgement and others. There are evidences that the study would deal with the leader character which is embedded in the broad domain of leadership. Babiak, J., Bajcar, B., Nosal, C. S. (2017). Heterogeneity of Leadership Styles as Behavioral Units: The Role of Personality in Searching for Leadership Profiles. InAdvances in Human Factors, Business Management, Training and Education(pp. 107-120). Springer International Publishing. The article focused on the different heterogenous approaches of the leadership and the close relation of the personality with the leadership profile. This study has used cluster analysis to explore different heterogenous leadership styles. The findings reveal that there are several differences in the leadership profiles and all leadership styles are not same. The different leaders have different personality traits. The authors opine that there can be natural leaders who have personality traits such as task oriented, active, conscientiousness and sociable. The article is unique and different from the others since it defines particular personality dimensions of the leaders, which shapes their behavior and characteristics. This article also collated wide range of leadership traits which are found in the real leaders. This article helped in better understanding of the bibliography topic and helped in understanding of the effective leadership characteristics. References Babiak, J., Bajcar, B., Nosal, C. S. (2017). Heterogeneity of Leadership Styles as Behavioral Units: The Role of Personality in Searching for Leadership Profiles. InAdvances in Human Factors, Business Management, Training and Education(pp. 107-120). Springer International Publishing. Colbert, A. E., Barrick, M. R., Bradley, B. H. (2014). Personality and leadership composition in top management teams: Implications for organizational effectiveness.Personnel Psychology,67(2), 351-387. Crossan, M. M., Byrne, A., Seijts, G. H., Reno, M., Monzani, L., Gandz, J. (2017). Toward a framework of leader character in organizations.Journal of Management Studies. Laureani, A., Antony, J. (2017). Leadership characteristics for Lean Six Sigma.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,28(3-4), 405-426. Zwingmann, I., Wegge, J., Wolf, S., Rudolf, M., Schmidt, M., Richter, P. (2014). Is transformational leadership healthy for employees? A multilevel analysis in 16 nations.German Journal of Human Resource Management,28(1-2), 24-51.

Religion In Whos Afraid Of Virginia Woolf Essay Example For Students

Religion In Whos Afraid Of Virginia Woolf? Essay In Edward Albees controversial play, Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, religion plays a major, yet often overlooked theme. There are constant references to God and Jesus throughout the play; in the third act, The Exorcism, George recites the Requiem for the Dead, the Catholic funeral mass. Throughout the play, these religious references and the character of Honey come to symbolize the failure of religion. Albee added these references to point out the fact that although religion is and has been ubiquitous, it still gives no answers. Most of the references to God and Jesus are swear words; God damn, and Jesus Christ! and the like. Even though these interjections are not the typical reference to God or Jesus, they bring a sense of knowing into the plays setting. The characters know about God and believe in Him. Martha claims to be an atheist, but that is doubtful because she especially uses God damn to get her point across, and she gets very upset while George is reciting the Requiem. She knows that God is there, but wont admit it. George recites the Requiem when his and Marthas son dies. The requiem was designed to comfort those people whose loved ones had passed on, so that they could let go. However, while George is reciting the requiem, Martha is in hysterics! She can not let go of her son and she is not comforted until George stops reading the mass. The character of Honey is somewhat of a paradox. She is the goody-goody preachers daughter on the surface, with dark secrets held beneath. She grew up surrounded by religion, and it did practically nothing to shape her morals. She appears to be the sweet, passive, pious woman that many preachers daughters grow up to be, but we see more of her as the play goes on. When Nick and George are talking outside for the first time, Nick reveals that he only married Honey because he thought she was pregnant. Honey knew she wasnt pregnant, she only wanted to trap Nick into matrimony. Not a very Christian thing to do. Also, she has been taking birth control and concealing it from Nick. There are three things wrong with that. First, birth control itself is against Christian belief. Second, withholding important information from someone who should know that information is considered lying within the Christian church. Third and finally, her selfishness goes against everything she should have learned growing up in the home of a preacher. Albee made and still makes a point in this play. Although religion is supposed to be the answer, it gives none. That point is supported by every religious reference he added in. Every reference to God and Jesus being a swear word, the requiem causing grief instead of comfort, and finally the preachers daughter being everything but Christian. Albee definitely got his point across this time. English Essays

Spanish Period free essay sample

Before the Spanish came into the Philippines, the religions were Hinduism, Buddhism and Paganism. The Christian Doctrine was the main religion brought in by the Spaniards. The Philippines had a very diverse collection of languages, but the Spanish language was mixed into them. European legends and traditions were also mixed in to our own. Ancient literature was collected and translated into the different dialects in the Philippines. Their grammar books were also translated in the Philippine language. Most of the periodicals during this time had a religious feel or bias to them. The first book in the Bicol language and written by Fr. Marcos Lisbon in 1754. Folk songs have been widespread in the Philippines. Every region had their own national song. Folk songs truly manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate appreciation for and love of beauty. Recreational plays were performed by the Filipinos during that time. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanish Period or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tibag – This ritual was about the search for the cross of Jesus Christ at St. Helena Lagaylay A celebration in Canaman, Camarines Sur to honor the Sta. Cruz tradition. Women dance on the streets while chanting prayers to find the real cross The Cenaculo – Was the dramatization of the passion and death of  Jesus Christ. Panunuluyan –   it dramatizes  Josephs and  Marys search for  Bethlehem. The Salubong (or Panubong) The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. Carillo (Shadow Play) – this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest. This shadow play is made by projecting cardboard figures before a lamp against a white sheet. The Zarzuela – considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political proble. The Sainete – is a Spanish comic opera piece, with music. It was often placed at the end of entertainments, or between other types of performance, and used scenes of low life. The Moro-Moro dance is the earliest form of theater performing in the Philippines, starting in 1650. It is part of their cultural routine when entertaining their visitors. The dance is a play based off of two poems, the awit and the corrido, that spread across the Philippines around 1610. It usually shows the struggles between Christians and non-Christians. The Moro-Moro dance expresses the loves, deeds and different adventures of the kings, queens, princes, princesses and dukes. It also shows different creatures, such as lions, tigers, bears, snakes, dragons, angels, saints, devils and giants. The Moro-Moro is a very long play; the show can go on for five to six hours a night for three nights in a row. The longest play known lasted for 12 days. The Karagatan comes from the legendary practice of testing the mettle of young men vying for a maidens hand. The maidens ring would be dropped into sea and whoever retrieves it would have the girls hand in marriage. The Duplo   is a performance that consisted of two teams; One composed of young women called  Dupleras  or  Belyakas; and the other, of young men called  Dupleros  or  Belyakos. The Balagtasan is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue. This is replaced the DUPLO and is held to honor Francisco â€Å"Balagtas† Baltazar. Dung-aw were Iloko literature by way of folk songs, riddles, proverbs, lamentations. During the Spanish period, it was known to be a chant to express his emotions towards life, sufferings and sacrifices of the dead and includes apologies for his misdeeds. Corridos  were widely read during the Spanish period that filled the populaces need for entertainment as well as edifying reading matter in their leisure moments. Awit, like corridos, these were also widely read during the Spanish period as entertaining, edifying, reading manner in their leisure time.

Section 4 VRA Case of negation Essay

Section 4 VRA Case of negation Essay Section 4 VRA Case of negation Essay Legislative Branch only Established by Article I of the Constitution, the Legislative Branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together form the United States Congress. The Constitution grants Congress the sole authority to enact legislation and declare war, the right to confirm or reject many Presidential appointments, and substantial investigative powers. (White house.gov) John Roberts Activist Card In its sweeping disregard of history, precedent and constitutional text, the chief justice’s 5-to-4 opinion in the voting rights case was startling for its naked activism (The Opinionator Jun 29, 2013) Antonin Scalia activist judge The idea that liberal judges are advocates and partisans while judges like Justice Scalia are not is being touted everywhere these days, and it is pure myth. Justice Scalia has been more than willing to ignore the Constitution's plain language, and he has a knack for coming out on the conservative side in cases with an ideological bent. (New York Times April 19, 2005) Anthony Kennedy Activist judge Justice Kennedy is the most activist judge on the court - willing to strike down federal and state laws when they violate individual liberty and dignity." (NPR.org June 28, 2013) Clarence Thomas Activist Judge We found that justices vary widely in their inclination to strike down Congressional laws. Justice Clarence Thomas, appointed by President George H. W. Bush, was the most inclined, voting to invalidate 65.63 percent of those laws; Justice Stephen Breyer, appointed by President Bill Clinton, was the least, voting to invalidate 28.13 percent. The tally for all the justices appears below. Thomas 65.63 % Kennedy 64.06 % Scalia 56.25 % Rehnquist 46.88 % O’Connor 46.77 % Souter 42.19 % Stevens 39.34 % Ginsburg 39.06 % Breyer 28.13 % (New York Times Published: July 6, 2005) Samuel Alito Activist Judge Alito's conservative stripes are equally evident in criminal law. Lawrence Lustberg, a New Jersey criminal defense lawyer who has known Alito since 1981 and tried cases before him on the Third Circuit, describes him as "an activist conservatist judge" (USnews.com Posted 7/19/05) Contention 1: History shows Preclearance is needed Without a preclearance, the United States returns to a failed method of prosecuting discriminatory racial laws. In the previous Civil Rights Acts, Congress granted the Attorney General the power to prosecute discriminatory racial laws. He proved unable. Voting suits are very hard to prepare for and are also ineffective. The Supreme Court case Katzenbach, details how voting suits sometimes require as many as 6,000 hours preparing for one trial. Even if there is a victory, states can switch to a different discriminatory law and force the Attorney General to repeat the process once again. Thus, Congress instituted the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to create a preclearance. A

What was the Impact of the Holocaust on Postwar Art and Culture Essay

What was the Impact of the Holocaust on Postwar Art and Culture - Essay Example This figure represented two thirds of the total European Jewish population and a third of the world’s total. Causes Germany was forced to sign the humiliating Versailles Treaty, at the end of the First World War, in which the country was forced to cut down on its armed forces, its prewar territory was reduced, and Germans were forced to admit guilt for the war. They were also forced to pay reparations to the allied forces for losses incurred during the war. The country was also forced to adopt a parliamentary governing system, and it is through this system that Adolf Hitler became a Chancellor, or prime minister, in 1932. Soon after, his government started propagating hate campaign against Jews, claiming that they were the source of all German problems and, therefore, needed to be exterminated as a race from the world. This is what led to the Holocaust, a tragedy that peaked during the war and only ended with Germany’s defeat, by the allied forces, in 1945 (AICE). ... Other museums across the world have set aside sections that keep these objects too. Paintings and Pictures Visual representations have also been done through paintings, photography and films. Evidence from the concentration camps indicates that the detainees engaged in the art to express their feelings and sufferings, and to avoid getting bored. Though some of this work was discovered by the Nazis and destroyed claiming it was part of ‘horror propaganda’, and the artists punished severely, however, some of it survived. This includes Josef Nassy’s 200 drawings which he painted while at Bavaria’s Laufen and Tittmoning concentration camps. His pieces of art survived the concentration camps and these help in capturing an eye witness’ account of the dehumanizing nature in which Nazis treated the Jews. ‘No names’ are paintings by Alice Lok Cahana, a Hungarian Holocaust survivor who tells her story as a teenage detainee. Her work is preserved i n the Collection of Modern Religious Art gallery, at the Vatican Museum. Some other artists helped in producing paintings of life at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp months after its liberation and these include Mary Kessell, Leslie Cole, and Sargeant Eric Taylor who was one of the camp's liberators. A lot of these paintings have been done over time including those by contemporary artists and are on display in different museums and art galleries across the globe (Zelizer 8). Photography Photography has also been used extensively to preserve memories of the Holocaust. Among these is the more than 10,000 photos taken secretly by Mendel Grossman while at the death camps. Though he died in the same camps; however, the negatives were used to develop photos

Strategy Implementation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategy Implementation - Term Paper Example In centralized organizational structure, the authority for decision making is determined at the top, and a few people being responsible for making decisions and creating organization’s policies. Decentralized organization structure means that every level of management throughout the organization is given authority to decision and policy making. Lines of authority have limits and powers, that is, separate, different levels of an organization structure. These lines define different groups of people such as the manager, human resource team, and chief engineers. Lines of communication are the path one follows to convey given information from one level of an organization to the other until the top level is reached (Pryor, et al, 2009). This helps make efficiency of performance increase among the workers as they are free to convey their issues to the top groups with ease. According to Pryor et al. (2009), committees are the most formal of these types of work group, appointed or sele cted to perform a function on behalf of a larger group. They must be headed by a committee chair and are composed of individuals representing different points of view e.g. junior or senior faculty. A team is a group of people with complementary skills organized to function cooperatively as a group. They change the culture of an organization from one tradition to a focused level so that to forefront change. Task forces are work groups comprising experts, in specified areas of knowledge, and skills to accomplish an objective. Systems The company budget is set annually based on the previous year expenditure with considerations for expected maintenance, acquisition of new airliners and staff training, promotions and the projected cost of operation. The company’s strategic plan, e.g., expected expansion, diversification, insurance costs and cooperate responsibility, is factored. As stated by Bower (1966), planning is the process of developing and maintaining a project plan that pr ovides supporting details to the project definition in terms of resources, time, cost, scope, and schedule. In the airline company, the plan provides the framework that will ensure that the project results are achieved within defined performance objectives of time, cost, quality, and slope. The planning is both at an individual and collective levels and involves five phases: first, the purpose and principles definition, where the question why is answered and the boundaries sets and focus toward completion done. Secondly, the expected outcome is visualized. Thirdly, idea generation that is brainstorming for moving project to completion. Fourthly the suggested and brainstormed ideas are organized to set the sequence and priorities. Lastly the next course of action is identified. The performance evaluation measures in the airlines involve the use of annual net income, market value per share, quality of strategic and business plans, customer satisfaction and the skills of the employees. The team is evaluated based on; attendance and constructive participation in team meetings, contribution to a group effort independent of team meetings, ability to work as a team, and overall contribution (Bower, 1966). People According to Bower (1966), employees in an airline must possess skills that help them deliver the expectations of the organization. They include skills in catering, maintenance, machines operations, human resource and many others. They are the skills gained by employees in their various

Do We Now Live in a More Equal World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Do We Now Live in a More Equal World - Essay Example By the end of the twentieth century, the phenomenon of global income inequality was seen to be greater than it was ever before. Global inequality has two distinct dimensions. These are the inequalities that exist between countries and the inequalities that exist within the countries. Not everyone in the developed nations, like the United States, is known to be rich and similarly not everybody in a poor country is poor. It is necessary to take these two measures together. The world was divided into three categories by the World Bank going by their income levels - low income country, middle income country and high income country (Peet & Hartwick, 1999, p.6). Global inequality affects the living condition of the poor countries. Economic growth can affect not only the GDP and GNP of a nation but its overall heath and living conditions too (Wermuth, 2003, p.22). But before framing any conclusion, it is important for the analysts to differentiate between inequality and poverty in these cou ntries. To measure poverty, it is essential to have a poverty line which is usually set at a higher level in richer countries. As for the poorer nations, there is little income gradient in the poverty line (Ravallion, 2003, p.745). Similarly, to measure the economic indicators like GDP and GNP that help to estimate global inequality, we also need some measurement tools. GDP is measured by the production output units like bushels of wheat etc. The exchange rate mechanism is used to measure the national income or GNP (Firebaugh, 2006, pp.34-35). One of the many reasons why global inequality or world inequality is so prevalent today is the extent up to which the income and the wealth of the countries is distributed in a very uneven manner among the world's population. There is little doubt among the researchers that this income inequality that is seen both within and between the nations has been on a rise since the mid-twentieth century. It has been reported by the World Bank that the increasing gap between the rich and the poor countries over the past forty years has accounted for much of the increase in the worldwide income inequality amongst individuals and other households. Inequality patterns and consequences Globalization is divided into three patterns. These are unweighted global inequality, weighted global inequality and global inequality (Held & Kaya, 2004, p.3). In the first pattern, the mean of the country GDP across several countries are considered and population size is not taken here. The second pattern is also the same except that it takes population size into consideration. Global inequality measures difference between individuals of the world. These include intra country and inter country inequality. In 1960, the per capita GDP in the most of the richest twenty countries was found to be eighteen times than that in the poorest twenty countries. By 1995, the same gap had widened to almost thirty-seven times (World Development Report 2001). This sho ws that there has been a huge increase in polarization between the nations overtime (Bata,Bergesen, 2010, p.9). According to a survey, the top richest countries in the world in 2007 were Qatar, UAE, the USA, Hong Kong, Switzerland etc and the poorest countries were Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Central African Republic, Mozambique etc (The UNICEF social and economic paper, 2011, p.19). There have been many sociological